The municipality of Egaleo is an urban municipality in Western Attica, bordering the municipality of Athens. It covers an area of approximately 6.5 km2 and has a population of around 70.000 residents. Due to its proximity to Athens, its location between major road arteries in Attica, and the presence of the University of Western Attica, the municipality of Egaleo receives many visitors daily. Additionally, it includes an industrial, partially urbanized area known as Elaionas.

Like the rest of Attica and Greece in general, Egaleo is frequently affected by earthquakes, which, depending on their intensity, can cause damage and destruction to infrastructure and buildings. Closed underground streams and rivers (e.g., Kifissos River) make the terrain highly susceptible to earthquakes as well as floods. The closed streams, the underground Kifissos River, and the outdated infrastructure of the municipality of Egaleo, as well as of the surrounding municipalities, make the area more vulnerable to floods, as managing water in cases of heavy rainfall is challenging. Finally, another factor affecting the municipality is the extreme temperatures in recent years, with exceptionally high temperatures during the summer (temperatures can reach up to 45°C) and relatively low temperatures for the region during the winter, when snowfall is becoming more frequent.

The city is in the process of re-evaluating the Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) and setting the policy making goals for the next decade. In C2IMPRESS project, the municipality will co-work with other CSAs to implement innovative multi-hazard risk and resilience framework for a better understanding of natural hazards and multi-dimensional vulnerabilities associated with physical, economic, health and social impacts. CSA will also focus on designing a new polycentric risk governance framework, engaging stakeholders from public, private and civil society sector. C2IMPRESS’s social and technical innovation tools will provide the knowledge to produce an Integrated Climate Change Adaptation and multi-hazard Disaster Management Framework cross-cutting plan for Egaleo.

Located on the Black Sea region in Turkey, the Ordu province urban area is under the risk of heavy flooding (pluvial, fluvial, and coastal) at different times of the year. The Ordu province is looking to understand the existing hazard risks and vulnerability levels of flooding and its cascading effects through assessing the historical data, relevant national policies and river basin management plan. It will evaluate the public’s response and behaviour during and after a hazardous event by social media data analytics coupled with active citizen engagement to understand the societal, cultural or economic differences that affect crisis response. While improving predictions for future multi-hazards withSoS4MHRIN platform, using the C2IMPRESS decision and policy support tools and ABM model will allow the proposal of context-aware crisis management strategies for DRR, minimise and revisit in situ evacuation routes and post-disaster resilience strategies. 

User Groups: (1) Ordu Provincial Directorate of Disaster and Emergency (AFAD), (2) Ordu Metropolitan Municipality, 3) Education and Civil defence Ministry have also confirmed their interest for the C2IMPRESS project.

Mondego River, whose mouth is in Figueira da Foz, is very prone to floods (with recent episodes), due to dike failure, causing agricultural damage and affecting infrastructures. These floods can also impact ship mooring and manoeuvring in Figueira da Foz harbour. The coastal areas near Figueira da Foz and Aveiro have a history of wave overtopping and flooding events, and south of the harbours are severely affected by erosion. Furthermore, the coastal area that protects Aveiro lagoon is one of the most vulnerable to flooding and erosion in Mainland Portugal: the disappearance of this coastal stretch would have huge environmental and socio-economic impacts, and potential impacts on the operationality of the harbour itself. The Centro region is also severely affected by wildfires in large forested areas. In the last two decades, the wildfires in 2003, 2005, and 2017 have been especially severe, with dozens of casualties in 2017. There was also a very high impact on water quality and availability, affecting both surface and groundwater resources. Given these contexts, this C2IMPRESS CSA aims to further improve the existing Early Warning System – HIDRALERTA, that deals with wave overtopping and ship mooring or berthing, to include river flooding induced by heavy rain or dike failure, and ships manoeuvring. To better understand the corresponding actual and climate change impacts, within C2IMPRESS, tools and models will be applied to predict coastal and fluvial floodings, ship manoeuvring and mooring, and wildfire impacts on the water cycle, using past data and climate change scenarios.

Mallorca is a Mediterranean flood-prone region, historically affected by flash floods and wildfires. In this town, a catastrophic flood caused ca. 5,000 deaths in 1403 (20% of its population), showing that floods are the main natural hazard in this type of environment. In the rest of the island, the historical distribution patterns of human settlements were related to fluvial systems. In the second part of the 20th century, this urban expansion became exponential, with many more urban and tourist settlements, often in flood hazard areas. In order to assess the impacts of flash-floods and wildfires in Mediterranean societies, several representative catchments in Mallorca (i.e., Sa Font de la Vila and Sant Miquel rivers) are fully instrumented and available to implement C2IMPRESS POs and integrated framework and simulation models and other data innovations for evidence-informed policy- and decision-making and establishing appropriate climate adaptation strategies and policy recommendations. UIB and GOIB aim to develop a cost-effective and integrative tool for multi-hazard risk assessment by sharing C2IMPRESS’s scientific knowledge, ground-breaking technologies and capabilities among the European scientific community. The CSA will adopt C2IMPRESS’s interdisciplinary assessment modelling analysis and engagement approaches to decipher the relationship between the different spatial scales of multi-hazard assessment and eco-social resilience mechanistically as the basis of future scenarios under climate change. 

User Groups: Balearic General Directorate of Emergencies and Interior, Balearic Federation of Local Entities (municipalities), Balearic General Directorate of Natural Spaces and Biodiversity.